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          头歌C语言实验 练习3：基本选择结构
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        <h2 id="第1关求绝对值"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#第1关求绝对值"></a> 第1关：求绝对值</h2>
<p>问题描述<br />
不使用数学函数中的绝对值函数，计算并输出一个实数的绝对值。</p>
<p>输入<br />
一个单精度的浮点数。</p>
<p>输出<br />
输出其绝对值，保留2位小数。</p>
<p>输入示例<br />
-13.846</p>
<p>输出示例<br />
13.85</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">()</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">float</span> a;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">scanf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%f&quot;</span>,&amp;a);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(a&lt;<span class="number">0</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        a=-a;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%.2f&quot;</span>,a);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="第2关整除"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#第2关整除"></a> 第2关：整除</h2>
<p>问题描述<br />
对于两个整数a和b，判断a是否能被b整除。</p>
<p>输入<br />
两个用英文逗号分开的整数a和b。</p>
<p>输出<br />
若能整除，则输出字符Y以及a整除b的商；<br />
若不能整除，则输出字符N以及a整除b的商和余数。<br />
输出的各项数据之间用一个空格分开。</p>
<p>输入示例<br />
10,3</p>
<p>输出示例<br />
N 3 1</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">()</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> a,b;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">scanf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%d,%d&quot;</span>,&amp;a,&amp;b);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(a%b==<span class="number">0</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Y %d&quot;</span>,a/b);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;N %d %d&quot;</span>,a/b,a%b);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="第3关体型检测"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#第3关体型检测"></a> 第3关：体型检测</h2>
<p>问题描述<br />
医务工作者经广泛的调查和统计分析，根据身高与体重因素给出了计算“体指数”的公式：</p>
<p>t = w ÷ h2<br />
其中，t为体指数，w为体重，单位是千克，h为身高，单位为米。 计算出体指数t后，就可以根据体指数进行体型检测：<br />
当t&lt;18时，为低体重；<br />
当18≤t&lt;25之间时，为正常体重；<br />
当25≤t&lt;27之间时，为超重体重；<br />
当t≥27时，为肥胖。<br />
聪明的你能根据一个人的身高和体重对其体型进行检测吗？<br />
输入<br />
两个用空格分开的浮点数，第一个是身高h，第二个是体重w。</p>
<p>输出<br />
输出包括两行：<br />
第一行输出体指数t，保留2位小数；<br />
第二行输出体型检测结果。</p>
<p>输入示例<br />
1.65 55</p>
<p>输出示例<br />
20.20<br />
正常体重</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;math.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">()</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">float</span> w,h,t;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">scanf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%f %f&quot;</span>,&amp;h,&amp;w);</span><br><span class="line">    t=w/(<span class="built_in">pow</span>(h,<span class="number">2</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(t&lt;<span class="number">18</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%.2f\n低体重&quot;</span>,t);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span>(t&gt;=<span class="number">18</span>&amp;&amp;t&lt;<span class="number">25</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%.2f\n正常体重&quot;</span>,t);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span>(t&gt;=<span class="number">25</span>&amp;&amp;t&lt;<span class="number">27</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%.2f\n超重体重&quot;</span>,t);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%.2f\n肥胖&quot;</span>,t);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="第4关老梁买稻种-i"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#第4关老梁买稻种-i"></a> 第4关：老梁买稻种 I</h2>
<p>问题描述<br />
农民老梁去城里买稻种，稻种价格为3元/斤，一次性买得越多，每斤价格的折扣（可以少支付的金额）率就越大，购买斤数  （weight）和折扣率Cost关系如下：</p>
<p>如果weight≥500，折扣率Cost为0.15；<br />
如果500&gt;weight≥300，折扣率Cost为0.10；<br />
如果300&gt;weight≥100，折扣率Cost为0.075；<br />
如果100&gt;weight≥50，折扣率Cost为0.05；<br />
否则折扣率Cost为0。<br />
这可难倒了没读过几年书的老梁。请你帮忙算一算，如果老梁需要买x斤稻种，折扣率是多少？老梁实际需要支付多少元呢？<br />
输入<br />
一个正整数，即老梁需要购买的稻种斤数。</p>
<p>输出<br />
两个用空格分开的浮点数：第一个是折扣率，保留3位小数；第二个是老梁需要支付的钱数，以元为单位，保留2位小数。</p>
<p>输入示例<br />
278</p>
<p>输出示例<br />
0.075 771.45</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> PRICE 3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">()</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> weight;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">float</span> cost,money;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">scanf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%d&quot;</span>,&amp;weight);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(weight&gt;=<span class="number">500</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cost=<span class="number">0.15f</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span>(weight&lt;<span class="number">500</span>&amp;&amp;weight&gt;=<span class="number">300</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cost=<span class="number">0.1f</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span>(weight&lt;<span class="number">300</span>&amp;&amp;weight&gt;=<span class="number">100</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cost=<span class="number">0.075f</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span>(weight&lt;<span class="number">100</span>&amp;&amp;weight&gt;=<span class="number">50</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cost=<span class="number">0.05f</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cost=<span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    money=(<span class="number">1</span>-cost)*PRICE*weight;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%.3f %.2f&quot;</span>,cost,money);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="第5关学习计划提醒"><a class="markdownIt-Anchor" href="#第5关学习计划提醒"></a> 第5关：学习计划提醒</h2>
<p>问题描述<br />
小明是一个爱学习的小朋友，他为自己制定了一周中每天的学习计划，如下表所示：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">星期</th>
<th style="text-align:center">学习内容</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">一</td>
<td style="text-align:center">语文、数学</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">二</td>
<td style="text-align:center">数学、英语</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">三</td>
<td style="text-align:center">英语、语文</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">四</td>
<td style="text-align:center">语文、数学</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">五</td>
<td style="text-align:center">数学、英语</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">六</td>
<td style="text-align:center">英语、语文</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">日</td>
<td style="text-align:center">计算机、生物</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>每天到了学习时间，小明就想知道按照自己的学习计划，今天应该学习什么功课。请你使用switch多分支选择结构帮小明编制一个学习计划提醒程序，当输入一个代表星期几的整数时，就按照学习计划输出当日的学习内容。<br />
输入<br />
一个正整数，对应表示星期一~星期日（7表示星期日）。</p>
<p>输出<br />
如果输入的整数是1~7的整数，则输出对应于这一天的学习内容；否则输出“输入错误”（不输出两侧的双引号）。</p>
<p>输入示例<br />
3</p>
<p>输出示例<br />
英语、语文</p>
<p>提示<br />
要求使用switch多分支选择结构编程实现。<br />
有些天的学习内容是相同的，这意味着在switch语句中的某些分支是可以合并的。</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">()</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> days;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">scanf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;%d&quot;</span>,&amp;days);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">switch</span>(days) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">1</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;语文、数学&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">2</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;数学、英语&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">3</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;英语、语文&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">4</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;语文、数学&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">5</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;数学、英语&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">6</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;英语、语文&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">7</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;计算机、生物&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">default</span>:</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">&quot;输入错误&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

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